A sperm (or spermatozoon) is the male reproductive cell or gamete in sexually reproducing organisms, including humans. It is responsible for fertilizing the female egg (ovum) to initiate pregnancy.
Sperm cells are specialized for mobility and carrying genetic material to combine with the egg. They consist of several parts:
- Head: Contains the nucleus, which holds the DNA (genetic material) that will combine with the egg’s DNA during fertilization.
- Acrosome: A cap-like structure at the front of the head, which contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the egg’s outer layer during fertilization.
- Midpiece: Contains mitochondria, which provide energy for the sperm to swim toward the egg.
- Tail (Flagellum): A long, whip-like structure that propels the sperm forward by beating in a swimming motion.
In humans, sperm are produced in the testes and mature in the epididymis. They are then ejaculated through the urethra during sexual intercourse. If sperm successfully fertilize an egg, the result is a zygote, which can develop into an embryo.
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